Blades from the Past:
Stone tools are the silent witnesses of our history, accompanying humanity for over 2 million years, and some claim even 3 million years. They rest in display cases in museums around the world, originating from far-off places like Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, Saffaqah in Saudi Arabia, or the Boxgrove Quarry in England. These tools were created by people long gone, whom we never had the chance to meet personally. Yet, these stones carry remarkable knowledge.
Dr. Morgan Roussel is an archaeologist and a recognized expert in paleolithic (Stone Age) tools. He not only knows the various tool types and forms but can also craft and reproduce them. According to Morgan, the "hammer" was humanity's first tool around 2 million years ago, helping create sharp edges on stones. However, these tools were just the beginning. The "stone industry" continued to develop, paving the way for humanity to conquer the world.
The Paleo Experts had the unique opportunity to observe Morgan in action during a two-hour workshop. It quickly became clear that crafting stone tools involves much more than just striking rocks. "You have to understand the stone," emphasized Morgan, recounting his journeys through France to collect flint.
The initial strikes on the stone were met with awe as the archaeologist carefully prepared the stone. Random pounding would lead nowhere; instead, specific striking platforms were needed for guidance. After the preparation, Morgan began producing "flakes," sharp pieces of stone that Neanderthals produced in great quantities
With each strike and each produced flake, careful consideration was required. Where should the next strike land? Might the stone need to be reoriented? The more Morgan turned and manipulated the stone, the more evident it became that Neanderthals possessed impressive know-how.
As the transition to the Upper Paleolithic era occurred with the appearance of modern humans, "blades" were developed. Now, it was known how to extract even more tools from a single piece of flint, but the process had become more complex.
Members of the Paleo Experts group also had their turn. With caution and care, some brave participants approached the stone and produced their own flakes. For some, it appeared almost practiced—could the 2-4% Neanderthal genes have played a role?
The grand finale brought even more excitement. Flint was not only used for tool-making but, as the name suggests, also for starting fires. Combined with marcasite, Morgan generated sparks that could reach temperatures of up to 1000 degrees Celsius. A well-placed spark on a piece of tinder fungus laid the foundation for igniting a fire. Once again, Morgan showcased his skill and impressive endurance.
The workshop with Dr. Morgan Roussel not only shed light on the art of prehistoric tools but also demonstrated that the past can come to life when experienced firsthand. The fascination for Neanderthal craftsmanship will continue to accompany us, leaving us with a newfound understanding of the people from our history as we return home.